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An airborne collision avoidance system (ACAS, usually pronounced as ay-kas) operates independently of ground-based equipment and air traffic control in warning pilots of the presence of other aircraft that may present a threat of collision. If the risk of collision is imminent, the system recommends a maneuver that will reduce the risk of ...
A collision avoidance system (CAS), also known as a pre-crash system, forward collision warning system (FCW), or collision mitigation system, is an advanced driver-assistance system designed to prevent or reduce the severity of a collision. [2] In its basic form, a forward collision warning system monitors a vehicle's speed, the speed of the ...
Survival handbook of the United States Army Air Forces (USAAF) from 1944. Survival, Evasion, Resistance, and Escape (SERE) is a training concept originally developed by the United Kingdom during World War II. It is best known by its military acronym and prepares a range of Western forces to survive when evading or being captured.
The International Regulations for Preventing Collisions at Sea were adopted as a convention of the International Maritime Organization on 20 October 1972 and entered into force on 15 July 1977. They were designed to update and replace the Collision Regulations of 1960, particularly with regard to Traffic Separation Schemes (TSS) following the ...
Autonomous: the system acts independently of the driver to avoid or mitigate the accident. Emergency: the system will intervene only in a critical situation. Braking: the system tries to avoid the accident by applying the brakes. Time-to-collision could be a way to choose which avoidance method (braking or steering) is most appropriate.
A ground proximity warning system (GPWS) is a system designed to alert pilots if their aircraft is in immediate danger of flying into the ground or an obstacle. The United States Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) defines GPWS as a type of terrain awareness and warning system (TAWS). [1] More advanced systems, introduced in 1996, [2] are ...
Collision avoidance in transportation. A simple collision avoidance system. In transportation, collision avoidance is the maintenance of systems and practices designed to prevent vehicles (such as aircraft, motor vehicles, ships, cranes and trains) from colliding with each other. They perceive the environment with sensors and prevent collisions ...
Findings from these early studies indicated that many such accidents could have been avoided if a GPWS had been used. As a result of these studies and recommendations from the U.S. National Transportation Safety Board (), in 1974 the FAA required all 14 CFR 121 (Part 121) certificate holders (that is, those operating large turbine-powered airplanes) and some 14 CFR 135 (Part 135) certificate ...