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Osteonecrosis is also associated with cancer, lupus, sickle cell disease, HIV infection, Gaucher's disease, and Caisson disease (dysbaric osteonecrosis). Bisphosphonates are associated with osteonecrosis of the mandible (jawbone). The condition may also occur without any clear reason.
The ESR is decreased in polycythemia, hyperviscosity, sickle cell anemia, leukemia, chronic fatigue syndrome, low plasma protein (due to liver or kidney disease) and congestive heart failure. Although increases in immunoglobulins usually increase the ESR, very high levels can reduce it again due to hyperviscosity of the plasma. [5]
Nephrogenic diabetes insipidus is most common in its acquired forms, meaning that the defect was not present at birth. These acquired forms have numerous potential causes. The most obvious cause is a kidney or systemic disorder, including amyloidosis, polycystic kidney disease, electrolyte imbalance, or some other kidney defect.
Due to underlying diseases that destroy the spleen (autosplenectomy), e.g. sickle-cell disease. Celiac disease : unknown physiopathology. [6] In a 1970 study, [7] it was the second most common cause of abnormalities of red blood cells linked to hyposplenism, after surgical splenectomy.
Spleens are also removed for therapeutic purposes in conditions like hereditary spherocytosis, trauma to the spleen, and autosplenectomy caused by sickle cell anemia. Other causes are radiation therapy involving the spleen, such as that used to treat Hodgkin lymphoma. Howell–Jolly bodies inside of two normoblasts (center) in bone marrow.
Hematology. Within the medical specialty of hematology, Hemoglobin D-Punjab, also known as hemoglobin D-Los Angeles, [1] D-North Carolina, D-Portugal, D-Oak Ridge, and D-Chicago, [2] is a hemoglobin variant. It originates from a point mutation in the human β-globin locus and is one of the most common hemoglobin variants worldwide. [1]
It is an X-linked recessive disorder that results in defective glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase enzyme. [1] Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase is an enzyme which protects red blood cells, which carry oxygen from the lungs to tissues throughout the body. A defect of the enzyme results in the premature breakdown of red blood cells.
A cell containing Pappenheimer bodies is a siderocyte. Reticulocytes often contain Pappenheimer bodies. They are mostly observed in diseases such as myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS), sideroblastic anemia, hemolytic anemia, lead poisoning and sickle cell disease. They can interfere with platelet counts when the analysis is performed by electro ...