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The irises of human eyes exhibit a wide spectrum of colours. Eye color is a polygenic phenotypic trait determined by two factors: the pigmentation of the eye's iris [1] [2] and the frequency-dependence of the scattering of light by the turbid medium in the stroma of the iris.
There are certain genes, like homeobox (Hox A and D) genes, which may have a role in regulating penis size. In humans, the AR gene, located on the X chromosome at Xq11-12, may affect penis size. The SRY gene located on the Y chromosome may have a role to play. Variance in size can often be attributed to de novo mutations.
Genebase's Geographical distribution of mtDNA Haplogroup H; Haplogroup and Subcluster Frequencies for European Populations: Helgason A, Hickey E, Goodacre S, Bosnes V, Stefánsson K, Ward R, et al. (March 2001). "mtDNA and the Islands of the North Atlantic: Estimating the Proportions of Norse and Gaelic Ancestry". American Journal of Human ...
The distribution of genetic variants within and among human populations are impossible to describe succinctly because of the difficulty of defining a population, the ...
Human height measurement using a stadiometer. Human height or stature is the distance from the bottom of the feet to the top of the head in a human body, standing erect.It is measured using a stadiometer, [1] in centimetres when using the metric system or SI system, [2] [3] or feet and inches when using United States customary units or the imperial system.
A wide range of methods have been developed to assess the structure of human populations with the use of genetic data. Early studies of within and between-group genetic variation used physical phenotypes and blood groups, with modern genetic studies using genetic markers such as Alu sequences, short tandem repeat polymorphisms, and single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), among others. [11]
The full genetic basis of hair color is complex and not fully understood. [1] Regulatory DNA is believed to be closely involved in pigmentation in humans in general, [2] and a 2011 study by Branicki et al. identified 13 DNA variations across 11 different genes that could be used to predict hair color. [3]
The genetic mechanism behind human skin color is mainly regulated by the enzyme tyrosinase, which creates the color of the skin, eyes, and hair shades. [ 14 ] [ 15 ] Differences in skin color are also attributed to differences in size and distribution of melanosomes in the skin. [ 9 ]