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Sickle cell disease (SCD), also simply called sickle cell, is a group of hemoglobin-related blood disorders typically inherited. The most common type is known as sickle cell anemia. It results in an abnormality in the oxygen-carrying protein haemoglobin found in red blood cells.
Sickle cell trait describes a condition in which a person has one abnormal allele of the hemoglobin beta gene (is heterozygous), but does not display the severe symptoms of sickle cell disease that occur in a person who has two copies of that allele (is homozygous).
It is a form of sickle cell crisis. Sickle cell anemia – most common in those of African, Hispanic, and Mediterranean origin – leads to sickle cell crisis when the circulation of blood vessels is obstructed by sickled red blood cells, causing ischemic injuries.
The acute chest syndrome is a vaso-occlusive crisis of the pulmonary vasculature commonly seen in people with sickle cell anemia. This condition commonly manifests with a new opacification of the lung(s) on a chest x-ray .
December 8, 2023 at 1:19 PM. The Food and Drug Administration on Friday approved a powerful treatment for sickle cell disease, a devastating illness that affects more than 100,000 Americans, the ...
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With sickle cell disease — also called sickle cell anemia — red blood cells take on a folded or sickle shape that can clog tiny blood vessels and cause progressive organ damage and pain, and ...
Pathophysiology. The development of sickle cell nephropathy (SCN) typically occurs in childhood as seen in the appearance of hyperfiltration and proteinuria. [1] Both are primarily caused by the polymerization of sickle cells in the kidney microvasculature due to the low O 2 tension, high osmolarity, and low acidity. [2]
In sickle cell disease, repeated splenic infarctions lead to a non-functional spleen (autosplenectomy). Any factor that directly compromises the splenic artery can cause infarction. Examples include abdominal traumas, aortic dissection , torsion of the splenic artery (for example, in wandering spleen ) or external compression on the artery by a ...
Cell damage (also known as cell injury) is a variety of changes of stress that a cell suffers due to external as well as internal environmental changes. Amongst other causes, this can be due to physical, chemical, infectious, biological, nutritional or immunological factors.
Sickle cell-beta thalassemia is caused by inheritance of a sickle cell allele from one parent and a beta thalassemia allele from the other. Mutations. A sickle allele is always the same mutation of the beta-globin gene (glutamic acid to valine at amino acid six). In contrast, beta-thalassemia alleles can be created by many different mutations ...