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As a formula, a duty cycle (%) may be expressed as: [2] Equally, a duty cycle (ratio) may be expressed as: where is the duty cycle, is the pulse width (pulse active time), and is the total period of the signal. Thus, a 60% duty cycle means the signal is on 60% of the time but off 40% of the time.
Half-life (symbol t½) is the time required for a quantity (of substance) to reduce to half of its initial value. The term is commonly used in nuclear physics to describe how quickly unstable atoms undergo radioactive decay or how long stable atoms survive. The term is also used more generally to characterize any type of exponential (or, rarely ...
v. t. e. Equal opportunity is a state of fairness in which individuals are treated similarly, unhampered by artificial barriers, prejudices, or preferences, except when particular distinctions can be explicitly justified. [1] For example, the intent of equal employment opportunity is that the important jobs in an organization should go to the ...
Equality of outcome, equality of condition, or equality of results is a political concept which is central to some political ideologies and is used in some political discourse, often in contrast to the term equality of opportunity. [2] It describes a state in which all people have approximately the same material wealth and income, or in which ...
Money portal. v. t. e. In economics, the Gini coefficient ( / ˈdʒiːni / JEE-nee ), also known as the Gini index or Gini ratio, is a measure of statistical dispersion intended to represent the income inequality, the wealth inequality, or the consumption inequality [3] within a nation or a social group.
If 50% of the total number of students in the class are male, that means that 50 out of every 100 students are male. If there are 500 students, then 250 of them are male. Example 2. An increase of $0.15 on a price of $2.50 is an increase by a fraction of 0.15 / 2.50 = 0.06. Expressed as a percentage, this is a 6% increase.
However, when looked at in relative terms, wealth is highly concentrated: the bottom 50% of Americans only share 2% of total household wealth while the top 1% hold 35% of that wealth. In the United States, as of 2019, the median household income is $60,030 per year and the median household net worth is $97,300, while the mean household income ...
List of countries by income equality. World map of income inequality Gini coefficients by country. Based on World Bank data ranging from 1992 to 2020. [1] This is a list of countries or dependencies by income inequality metrics, including Gini coefficients. The Gini coefficient is a number between 0 and 1, where 0 corresponds with perfect ...
v. t. e. Instant-runoff voting ( IRV ), also known as plurality with elimination or plurality loser, [1] is a ranked-choice voting system that modifies plurality by repeatedly eliminating the last-place finisher until only one candidate is left. [2] [3] In the United Kingdom, it is generally called the alternative vote ( AV ). [4]
In the field of pharmacokinetics, the area under the curve ( AUC) is the definite integral of the concentration of a drug in blood plasma as a function of time (this can be done using liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry [1] ). In practice, the drug concentration is measured at certain discrete points in time and the trapezoidal rule is ...