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Autosplenectomy caused by sickle cell anemia or hyposplenism in coeliac disease [3] In patients with obstructive liver disease, lecithin cholesterol acetyltransferase activity is depressed, which increases the cholesterol-to-phospholipid ratio and produces an absolute increase in the surface area of the red cell membrane.
The ESR is decreased in polycythemia, hyperviscosity, sickle cell anemia, leukemia, chronic fatigue syndrome, [4] low plasma protein (due to liver or kidney disease) and congestive heart failure. Although increases in immunoglobulins usually increase the ESR, very high levels can reduce it again due to hyperviscosity of the plasma. [5]
Spindle cell sarcoma in muscle tissue. Spindle cell sarcoma is a type of connective tissue cancer.The tumors generally begin in layers of connective tissue, as found under the skin, between muscles, and surrounding organs, and will generally start as a small, inflamed lump, which grows in size.
Sickle cell anemia is an adaptation against malaria. Resistance to malaria is a well-known example of recent human evolution. This disease attacks humans early in life. Thus humans who are resistant enjoy a higher chance of surviving and reproducing.
Poikilocytes may be oval, teardrop-shaped, sickle-shaped or irregularly contracted. Normal red blood cells are round, flattened disks that are thinner in the middle than at the edges. A poikilocyte is an abnormally-shaped red blood cell. [1]
Pneumonia is an inflammatory condition of the lung primarily affecting the small air sacs known as alveoli. [3] [14] Symptoms typically include some combination of productive or dry cough, chest pain, fever, and difficulty breathing. [15]
Thalassemias are inherited blood disorders that result in abnormal hemoglobin. [7] Symptoms depend on the type of thalassemia and can vary from none to severe. [1] Often there is mild to severe anemia (low red blood cells or hemoglobin) as thalassemia can affect the production of red blood cells and also affect how long the red blood cells live. [1]
Splenic sequestration crisis is a life-threatening illness common in pediatric patients with homozygous sickle cell disease and beta thalassemia.Up to 30% of these children may develop splenic sequestration crisis with a mortality rate of up to 15%.