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Spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) is a rare neuromuscular disorder that results in the loss of motor neurons and progressive muscle wasting. [3][4][5] It is usually diagnosed in infancy or early childhood and if left untreated it is the most common genetic cause of infant death. [6] It may also appear later in life and then have a milder course of ...
Genetics is the study of genes, genetic variation, and heredity in organisms. [1][2][3] It is an important branch in biology because heredity is vital to organisms' evolution. Gregor Mendel, a Moravian Augustinian friar working in the 19th century in Brno, was the first to study genetics scientifically.
Canada, a country with a comparatively low suicide rate overall at 10.3 incidents per 100,000 people in 2016, exhibits one such discrepancy. When comparing the suicide rate of Indigenous peoples in Canada, the rate of suicide increases to 24.3 incidents per 100,000 people in 2016, [18] a rate among the ten highest in the world.
List of countries by population (United Nations) This is a list of countries and other inhabited territories of the world by total population, based on estimates published by the United Nations in the 2024 revision of World Population Prospects. It presents population estimates from 1950 to the present. [2]
The cell wall also prevents over-expansion when water enters the cell. [45] The major polysaccharides making up the primary cell wall of land plants are cellulose, hemicellulose, and pectin. The cellulose microfibrils are linked together with hemicellulose, embedded in a pectin matrix. The most common hemicellulose in the primary cell wall is ...
Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is a kidney cancer that originates in the lining of the proximal convoluted tubule, a part of the very small tubes in the kidney that transport primary urine. RCC is the most common type of kidney cancer in adults, responsible for approximately 90–95% of cases. [1] It is more common in men (with a male-to-female ...
Anatomical terminology. [ edit on Wikidata] Gap junctions are membrane channels between adjacent cells that allow the direct exchange of cytoplasmic substances. [ 1 ] Substances exchanged include small molecules, substrates, and metabolites. [ 1 ] Gap junctions were first described as close appositions as other tight junctions, but following ...
By way of analogy, the allele (a particular version of a gene) which causes sickle cell disease when two copies are present, also confers an adaptive advantage when one copy is present by providing resistance to malaria with non-symptomatic sickle cell trait—which is known as "heterozygote advantage".