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Children with Pfeiffer syndrome types 2 and 3 "have a higher risk for neurodevelopmental disorders and a reduced life expectancy" than children with Pfeiffer syndrome type 1, but if treated, favorable outcomes are possible. In severe cases, respiratory and neurological complications often lead to early death. History
Acrocephalosyndactyly. Acrocephalosyndactyly is a group of congenital conditions characterized by irregular features of the face and skull ( craniosynostosis) and hands and feet ( syndactyly ). [1] Craniosynostosis occurs when the cranial sutures, the fibrous tissue connecting the skull bones, fuse the cranial bones early in development.
Cardiocranial syndrome, Pfeiffer type. Cardiocranial syndrome, Pfeiffer type is a rare multiple disorder syndrome characterized by congenital heart defects, sagittal craniosynostosis, and severe developmental delay. The condition has been reported in less than 10 patients worldwide. [1] [2] [3] [4]
Carpenter syndrome. Carpenter syndrome, also called acrocephalopolysyndactyly type II, [1] is an extremely rare autosomal recessive [2] congenital disorder characterized by craniofacial malformations, obesity, syndactyly, and polydactyly. [2] Acrocephalopolysyndactyly is a variation of acrocephalosyndactyly that presents with polydactyly.
Antley–Bixler syndrome. Antley–Bixler syndrome has an autosomal recessive pattern of inheritance. Antley–Bixler syndrome is a rare, severe autosomal recessive [2] congenital disorder characterized by malformations and deformities affecting the majority of the skeleton and other areas of the body. [citation needed]
Loeys–Dietz syndrome (LDS) is an autosomal dominant genetic connective tissue disorder. It has features similar to Marfan syndrome and Ehlers–Danlos syndrome . [3] [4] [5] The disorder is marked by aneurysms in the aorta , often in children, and the aorta may also undergo sudden dissection in the weakened layers of the wall of the aorta.
1 in 5,000–10,000 [4] Marfan syndrome ( MFS) is a multi-systemic genetic disorder that affects the connective tissue. [6] [7] [1] Those with the condition tend to be tall and thin, with long arms, legs, fingers, and toes. [1] They also typically have exceptionally flexible joints and abnormally curved spines. [1]
Crouzon syndrome is an autosomal dominant genetic disorder known as a branchial arch syndrome. Specifically, this syndrome affects the first branchial (or pharyngeal) arch, which is the precursor of the maxilla and mandible. Because the branchial arches are important developmental features in a growing embryo, disturbances in their development ...