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In rare cases, autism has been associated with agents that cause birth defects. Many other causes have been proposed. Different underlying brain dysfunctions have been hypothesized to result in the common symptoms of autism, just as completely different brain types result in intellectual disability .
Autism, also called autism spectrum disorder [a] ( ASD) or autism spectrum condition ( ASC ), [9] is a neurodevelopmental disorder marked by restricted and repetitive patterns of behavior and deficits in reciprocal social communication. Other common signs include perseverative interests, stereotypic body movements ( stimming ), rigid routines ...
Identical twin studies put autism's heritability in a range between 36% and 95.7%, with concordance for a broader phenotype usually found at the higher end of the range. Autism concordance in siblings and fraternal twins is anywhere between 0 and 23.5%. This is more likely 2–4% for classic autism and 10–20% for a broader spectrum.
Timothy syndrome is a rare autosomal-dominant disorder characterized by physical malformations, as well as neurological and developmental defects, including heart QT-prolongation, heart arrhythmias, structural heart defects, syndactyly (webbing of fingers and toes), and autism spectrum disorders.
1 in 50,000 people Treacher Collins syndrome ( TCS ) is a genetic disorder characterized by deformities of the ears, eyes, cheekbones, and chin. [5] The degree to which a person is affected, however, may vary from mild to severe. [5]
According to the DSM-5-TR (2022), in order to receive a diagnosis of autism spectrum disorder, one must present with "persistent deficits in social communication and social interaction" and "restricted, repetitive patterns of behavior, interests, or activities." [3] These behaviors must begin in early childhood and affect one's ability to ...
Medical genetics. Case of Brachydactyly type D in both hands of a 16 year old male. Brachydactyly type D, also known as short thumb, [3] [1] stub thumb, [5] [6] or clubbed thumb, [5] [6] is a genetic trait clinically recognised by a thumb being relatively short and round with an accompanying wider nail bed. The distal phalanx of affected thumbs ...
History of autism. The history of autism spans over a century; [1] autism has been subject to varying treatments, being pathologized or being viewed as a beneficial part of human neurodiversity. [2] The understanding of autism has been shaped by cultural, scientific, and societal factors, and its perception and treatment change over time as ...
The risk of developing autism is increased in the presence of various prenatal factors, including advanced paternal age and diabetes in the mother during pregnancy. In rare cases, autism is strongly associated with agents that cause birth defects. It has been shown to be related to genetic disorders and with epilepsy.
Symptoms: General mental disability with certain abilities far in excess of average: Types: Congenital, acquired: Causes: Neurodevelopmental disorder such as autism spectrum disorder, brain injury: Frequency ~1 in a million people