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  2. Matla - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Matla

    Matla. The M. ( Persian / Arabic / Urdu: مطلع) is the first sher, or couplet, of a ghazal, a collection of poems in Urdu or Persian poetry. [1] [2] It is possible, although extremely rare, for there to be more than one matla in a ghazal; in this case the second is referred to as matla-e-sani, literally the second matla.

  3. Tawaif - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tawaif

    A tawaif was a highly successful courtesan singer ‚ dancer ‚ and poet who catered to the nobility of the Indian subcontinent, particularly during the Mughal era. Many tawaifs ( nautch girls to the British) were forced to go into prostitution due to a lack of opportunities by the time of the British Raj. [1]

  4. Takhallus - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Takhallus

    A takhallus (Urdu: تخلّص, Persian: تخلّص, Hindi: तख़ल्लुस), is a pen-name. Pen names were widely adopted by Urdu, Punjabi, Hindi and Persian poets. Takhallus is an Arabic word which means, literally, "to get liberated" or "become secure;" the word has been borrowed in Hindi-Urdu and Punjabi to mean "pen name".

  5. Feroz-ul-Lughat Urdu - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Feroz-ul-Lughat_Urdu

    Feroz-ul-Lughat Urdu Jamia ( Urdu: فیروز الغات اردو جامع) is an Urdu-to-Urdu dictionary published by Ferozsons (Private) Limited. It was originally compiled by Maulvi Ferozeuddin in 1897. The dictionary contains about 100,000 ancient and popular words, compounds, derivatives, idioms, proverbs, and modern scientific, literary ...

  6. Ustad - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ustad

    Ustad as a title in Hindustani classical music. Ustad (abbreviated as Ust. or Ut. or Ud. and from Persian استاد) is an honorific title for an expert person in Indian classical singing and instrumental playing, used for a Muslim musician. It is used in Hindustani classical music to recognize master performers. It is used as a music title.

  7. Deccani language - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deccani_language

    Hyderabadi Urdu is the closest of these dialects to Standard Urdu and the most spoken. [8] The term "Deccani" and its variants are often used in two different contexts: a historical, obsolete one, referring to the medieval-era literary predecessor of Hindi-Urdu; [9] [5] and an oral one, referring to the dialect spoken in many areas of the ...

  8. Urdu alphabet - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Urdu_alphabet

    The Urdu alphabet ( Urdu: اردو حروفِ تہجی, romanized : urdū ḥurūf-i tahajjī) is the right-to-left alphabet used for writing Urdu. It is a modification of the Persian alphabet, which itself is derived from the Arabic script. It has official status in the republics of Pakistan, India and South Africa.

  9. Oxford English Dictionary - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxford_English_Dictionary

    The Oxford English Dictionary ( OED) is the principal historical dictionary of the English language, published by Oxford University Press (OUP). It traces the historical development of the English language, providing a comprehensive resource to scholars and academic researchers, as well as describing usage in its many variations throughout the ...