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In Sudan, sickle cell disease was first reported in 1926 by Archibald. [23] The disease is considered one of the major types of anemia, especially in Western Sudan where the sickle cell gene is frequent [24] Sickle cell disease is the major haemoglobinopathy seen in Khartoum, the capital of Sudan. This may be attributed to the migration of ...
This would be similar to the hemoglobin allele which is responsible for sickle-cell disease, but solely in people with two copies; those with just one copy of the allele have a sickle cell trait and gain partial immunity to malaria as a result. This effect is called heterozygote advantage. [27]
Health is measured through variables such as life expectancy and incidence of diseases. [14] For racial and ethnic minorities in the United States, health disparities take on many forms, including higher rates of chronic disease, premature death, and maternal mortality compared to the rates among whites.
A sickle allele is always the same mutation of the beta-globin gene (glutamic acid to valine at amino acid six). In contrast, beta-thalassemia alleles can be created by many different mutations including both deletion and non-deletion forms.
The correlation between sickle-cell disease and malaria is a double-edged sword. Having a sickle-cell allele does limit the life expectancy of a person, however, the presence of sickle-cell genes reduces the detrimental effects of malaria should it be contracted.
While 65-year-old black men had a lower total life expectancy (11.4 years) and active life expectancy (10 years) than white men (total life expectancy, 12.6 years; active life expectancy, 11.2 years), those differences were reduced when controlling for education.