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Saint Vincent and the Grenadines (/ ˌɡrɛnəˈdiːnz / ⓘ GREH-nə-DEENZ) is an island country in the eastern Caribbean. It is located in the southeast Windward Islands of the Lesser Antilles, which lie in the West Indies, at the southern end of the eastern border of the Caribbean Sea, where the latter meets the Atlantic Ocean.
Eukaryotic cells are some 10,000 times larger than prokaryotic cells by volume, and contain membrane-bound organelles. Eukaryote cells include a variety of membrane-bound structures, together forming the endomembrane system. [23] Simple compartments, called vesicles and vacuoles, can form by budding off other membranes.
Category. v. t. e. An image of the 46 chromosomes making up the diploid genome of a human male (the mitochondrial chromosomes are not shown). In the fields of molecular biology and genetics, a genome is all the genetic information of an organism. [1] It consists of nucleotide sequences of DNA (or RNA in RNA viruses).
India, officially the Republic of India (ISO: Bhārat Gaṇarājya), [21] is a country in South Asia.It is the seventh-largest country by area; the most populous country from June 2023 [22] [23] and from the time of its independence in 1947, the world's most populous democracy.
Testosterone is the primary male sex hormone and androgen in males. [3] In humans, testosterone plays a key role in the development of male reproductive tissues such as testicles and prostate, as well as promoting secondary sexual characteristics such as increased muscle and bone mass, and the growth of body hair.
Mitochondrial DNA is the small circular chromosome found inside mitochondria. These organelles, found in all eukaryotic cells, are the powerhouse of the cell. [ 1 ] The mitochondria, and thus mitochondrial DNA, are passed exclusively from mother to offspring through the egg cell. Illustration of the location of mitochondrial DNA in human cells.
Immune system. The immune system is a network of biological systems that protects an organism from diseases. It detects and responds to a wide variety of pathogens, from viruses to parasitic worms, as well as cancer cells and objects such as wood splinters, distinguishing them from the organism's own healthy tissue.
HIV infects vital cells in the human immune system, such as helper T cells (specifically CD4 + T cells), macrophages, and dendritic cells. [11] HIV infection leads to low levels of CD4 + T cells through a number of mechanisms, including pyroptosis of abortively infected T cells, [12] apoptosis of uninfected bystander cells, [13] direct viral killing of infected cells, and killing of infected ...