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Cisco Discovery Protocol (CDP) is a proprietary data link layer protocol developed by Cisco Systems in 1994 by Keith McCloghrie and Dino Farinacci. It is used to share information about other directly connected Cisco equipment, such as the operating system version and IP address .
Cisco Networking Academy. Cisco Networking Academy or NetAcad is an online global educational program product of American Cisco Systems. It started in California in 1997. [1] [2] [3] [4]
CCNA (Cisco Certified Network Associate) is an information technology (IT) certification from Cisco Systems. CCNA certification is an associate-level Cisco Career certification. Cisco exams have changed several times in response to changing IT trends.
Cisco certifications. Cisco Certifications are the list of the Certifications offered by Cisco Systems. There are four to five (path to network designers) levels of certification: Associate ( CCNA /CCDA), Professional ( CCNP /CCDP), Expert ( CCIE /CCDE) and recently, Architect (CCAr: CCDE previous), as well as nine different paths for the ...
DHCP operations fall into four phases: server discovery, IP lease offer, IP lease request, and IP lease acknowledgement. These stages are often abbreviated as DORA for discovery, offer, request, and acknowledgement. The DHCP operation begins with clients broadcasting a request.
Open Shortest Path First ( OSPF) is a routing protocol for Internet Protocol (IP) networks. It uses a link state routing (LSR) algorithm and falls into the group of interior gateway protocols (IGPs), operating within a single autonomous system (AS). OSPF gathers link state information from available routers and constructs a topology map of the ...
The Neighbor Discovery Protocol (NDP), or simply Neighbor Discovery (ND), is a protocol of the Internet protocol suite used with Internet Protocol Version 6 (IPv6). It operates at the internet layer of the Internet model , [2] [3] and is responsible for gathering various information required for network communication, including the ...
Solicited-node multicast address. A solicited-node multicast address is an IPv6 multicast address used by the Neighbor Discovery Protocol to determine the link layer address associated with a given IPv6 address, which is also used to check if an address is already being used by the local-link or not, through a process called DAD (Duplicate ...
t. e. In IEEE 802 LAN/MAN standards, the medium access control ( MAC ), also called media access control, is the layer that controls the hardware responsible for interaction with the wired (electrical or optical) or wireless transmission medium. The MAC sublayer and the logical link control (LLC) sublayer together make up the data link layer.
IPv4. IPv4 multicast addresses are defined by the most-significant bit pattern of 1110. This originates from the classful network design of the early Internet when this group of addresses was designated as Class D. The CIDR notation for this group is 224.0.0.0 / 4. [1] The group includes the addresses from 224.0.0.0 to 239.255.255.255.