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Sickle cell disease ( SCD ), also simply called sickle cell, is a group of hemoglobin-related blood disorders typically inherited. [2] The most common type is known as sickle cell anemia. [2] It results in an abnormality in the oxygen-carrying protein haemoglobin found in red blood cells. [2] This leads to a rigid, sickle -like shape under ...
The COVID-19 pandemic in France has resulted in 38,997,490 confirmed cases of COVID-19 and 168,091 deaths. The virus was confirmed to have reached France on 24 January 2020, when the first COVID-19 case in both Europe and France was identified in Bordeaux. The first five confirmed cases were all individuals who had recently arrived from China.
The earliest reports of a coronavirus infection in animals occurred in the late 1920s, when an acute respiratory infection of domesticated chickens emerged in North America. [15] Arthur Schalk and M.C. Hawn in 1931 made the first detailed report which described a new respiratory infection of chickens in North Dakota.
The membrane (M) protein (previously called E1, sometimes also matrix protein [2]) is an integral membrane protein that is the most abundant of the four major structural proteins found in coronaviruses. [3] [4] [5] The M protein organizes the assembly of coronavirus virions through protein-protein interactions with other M protein molecules as ...
The spike protein is very large, often 1200 to 1400 amino acid residues long; [8] it is 1273 residues in SARS-CoV-2. [5] It is a single-pass transmembrane protein with a short C-terminal tail on the interior of the virus, a transmembrane helix, and a large N-terminal ectodomain exposed on the virus exterior. [5] [7]
The nucleocapsid (N) protein is a protein that packages the positive-sense RNA genome of coronaviruses to form ribonucleoprotein structures enclosed within the viral capsid. [2] [3] The N protein is the most highly expressed of the four major coronavirus structural proteins. [2] In addition to its interactions with RNA, N forms protein-protein ...
Omicron (B.1.1.529) is a variant of SARS-CoV-2 first reported to the World Health Organization (WHO) by the Network for Genomics Surveillance in South Africa on 24 November 2021. [10] [11] It was first detected in Botswana and has spread to become the predominant variant in circulation around the world. [12]
The history of coronaviruses is an account of the discovery of the diseases caused by coronaviruses and the diseases they cause. It starts with the first report of a new type of upper-respiratory tract disease among chickens in North Dakota, U.S., in 1931. The causative agent was identified as a virus in 1933.