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  2. Hemoglobin - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hemoglobin

    Hemoglobin SC disease – A compound heterozygous form with one sickle gene and another encoding hemoglobin C. Hemoglobin Hopkins-2 – A variant form of hemoglobin that is sometimes viewed in combination with hemoglobin S to produce sickle cell disease.

  3. Heterosis - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heterosis

    This hypothesis is commonly invoked to explain the persistence of some alleles (most famously the Sickle cell trait allele) that are harmful in homozygotes. In normal circumstances, such harmful alleles would be removed from a population through the process of natural selection.

  4. Duffy antigen system - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Duffy_antigen_system

    The Duffy antigen gene was the fourth gene associated with the resistance after the genes responsible for sickle cell anaemia, thalassemia and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase. [ citation needed ] In 1950, the Duffy antigen was discovered in a multiply-transfused hemophiliac named Richard Duffy, whose serum contained the first example of anti ...

  5. Anthony Clifford Allison - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anthony_Clifford_Allison

    He found that the prevalence of sickle-cell trait (heterozygous condition) among people inhabiting coastal areas was higher than 20%. [8] At the time the highest record was 8% among African-Americans.) [ 10 ] He was posed with the question as to why such a deadly disease (in homozygous condition ) would be more prevalent in a localised area in ...

  6. Hereditary spherocytosis - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hereditary_spherocytosis

    Hereditary spherocytosis is the heritable hemolytic disorder, affecting 1 in 2,000 people of Northern European ancestry. [5] According to Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine, the frequency is at least 1 in 5,000 within the United States of America. [6]

  7. James B. Herrick - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_B._Herrick

    James B Herrick: the discoverer of sickle cell anemia. His first case report received scant interest--only in the 1950s was the role of "moon-crescent" shape considered]. Läkartidningen (in Swedish).

  8. Antagonistic pleiotropy hypothesis - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antagonistic_pleiotropy...

    Strength of natural selection plot as a function of age. The antagonistic pleiotropy hypothesis (APT) is a theory in evolutionary biology that suggests certain genes may confer beneficial effects early in an organism's life, enhancing reproductive success, while also causing detrimental effects later in life, contributing to the aging process.

  9. Renal medullary carcinoma - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Renal_medullary_carcinoma

    Renal medullary carcinoma is a rare type of cancer that affects the kidney.It tends to be aggressive, difficult to treat, and is often metastatic at the time of diagnosis. . Most individuals with this type of cancer have sickle cell trait or rarely sickle cell disease, suggesting that the sickle cell trait may be a risk factor for this type of ca

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