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Ecology, evolution, and paleontology. Unsolved problems relating to the interactions between organisms and their distribution in the environment include: Paradox of the plankton. The high diversity of phytoplankton seems to violate the competitive exclusion principle. Ediacaran biota.
The last universal common ancestor ( LUCA) is the hypothesized common ancestral cell from which the three domains of life, the Bacteria, the Archaea, and the Eukarya originated. It is suggested to have been a "cellular organism that had a lipid bilayer and used DNA, RNA, and protein". [2] The LUCA has also been defined as "a hypothetical ...
Tree of life (biology) The tree of life or universal tree of life is a metaphor, conceptual model, and research tool used to explore the evolution of life and describe the relationships between organisms, both living and extinct, as described in a famous passage in Charles Darwin 's On the Origin of Species (1859). [1]
Alternative biochemistry. Silicon-based life. Like carbon, silicon can create molecules that are sufficiently large to carry biological information; however, the scope of possible silicon chemistry is far more limited than that of carbon. Silicon dioxide biochemistry. Non-water solvents. Silicon dioxide -based life.
Phenylthiocarbamide ( PTC ), also known as phenylthiourea ( PTU ), is an organosulfur thiourea containing a phenyl ring. It has the unusual property that it either tastes very bitter or is virtually tasteless, depending on the genetic makeup of the taster.
Biomolecules include large macromolecules such as proteins, carbohydrates, lipids, and nucleic acids, as well as small molecules such as vitamins and hormones. A more general name for this class of material is biological materials. Biomolecules are an important element of living organisms, those biomolecules are often endogenous, [2] produced ...
In humans, the SRY gene is located on short (p) arm of the Y chromosome at position 11.2. Sex-determining region Y protein (SRY), or testis-determining factor (TDF), is a DNA-binding protein (also known as gene-regulatory protein/transcription factor) encoded by the SRY gene that is responsible for the initiation of male sex determination in therian mammals (placental mammals and marsupials).
Anammox, an abbreviation for "anaerobic ammonium oxidation", is a globally important microbial process of the nitrogen cycle [1] that takes place in many natural environments. The bacteria mediating this process were identified in 1999, and were a great surprise for the scientific community. [2] In the anammox reaction, nitrite and ammonium ...
In describing genes as being selfish, Dawkins [15] states that the organisms act altruistically against their individual interests in order to help copies of themselves in other bodies to replicate. Essentially, reciprocal altruism is the individual behavior behind selfish motivations.
Algedonics – science of pleasure and pain. Algology ( botany) – study of algae. Algology ( medicine) – study of pain. Allergology - study of causes and treatment of allergies. Anaesthesiology – study of anaesthetics. Anatomy – study of the structure of the body. Andragogy – theory and practice of education of adults.