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Percentage. In mathematics, a percentage (from Latin per centum 'by a hundred') is a number or ratio expressed as a fraction of 100. It is often denoted using the percent sign (%), [1] although the abbreviations pct., pct, and sometimes pc are also used. [2]
The percent sign % (sometimes per cent sign in British English) is the symbol used to indicate a percentage, a number or ratio as a fraction of 100. Related signs include the permille (per thousand) sign ‰ and the permyriad (per ten thousand) sign ‱ (also known as a basis point ), which indicate that a number is divided by one thousand or ...
A well-known equality featuring the equal sign. The equals sign (British English) or equal sign (American English), also known as the equality sign, is the mathematical symbol =, which is used to indicate equality in some well-defined sense.
For example, a loan that bears interest of 0.50% per annum above the Secured Overnight Financing Rate (SOFR) is said to be 50 basis points over SOFR, which is commonly expressed as "S+50bps" or simply "S+50".
A percentage point or percent point is the unit for the arithmetic difference between two percentages. For example, moving up from 40 percent to 44 percent is an increase of 4 percentage points (although it is a 10-percent increase in the quantity being measured, if the total amount remains the same). [1]
≠ (not-equal sign) Denotes inequality and means "not equal". ≈ The most common symbol for denoting approximate equality. For example, ~ 1. Between two numbers, either it is used instead of ≈ to mean "approximatively equal", or it means "has the same order of magnitude as". 2.
As a formula, a duty cycle (%) may be expressed as: [2] Equally, a duty cycle (ratio) may be expressed as: where is the duty cycle, is the pulse width (pulse active time), and is the total period of the signal. Thus, a 60% duty cycle means the signal is on 60% of the time but off 40% of the time.
For example, when is set to 5%, the conditional probability of a type I error, given that the null hypothesis is true, is 5%, and a statistically significant result is one where the observed p-value is less than (or equal to) 5%.
One part per hundred is generally represented by the percent sign (%) and denotes one part per 100 (10 2) parts, and a value of 10 −2. This is equivalent to about fourteen minutes out of one day. One part per thousand should generally be spelled out in full and not as "ppt" (which is usually understood to represent "parts per trillion").
The following table lists many specialized symbols commonly used in modern mathematics, ordered by their introduction date. The table can also be ordered alphabetically by clicking on the relevant header title.