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Pfeiffer syndrome is caused by mutations in the fibroblast growth factor receptors FGFR1 and FGFR2. The syndrome is grouped into three types: type 1 (classic Pfeiffer syndrome) is milder and caused by mutations in either gene; types 2 and 3 are more severe, often leading to death in infancy, caused by mutations in FGFR2.
Pfeiffer syndrome; Cancer. Breast cancer, a mutation or single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in intron 2 of the FGFR2 gene is associated with a higher breast cancer risk; however the risk is only mildly increased from about 10% lifetime breast cancer risk in the average woman in the industrialized world, to 12-14% risk in carriers of the SNP.
Medical genetics. Acrocephalosyndactyly is a group of congenital conditions characterized by irregular features of the face and skull ( craniosynostosis) and hands and feet ( syndactyly ). [1] Craniosynostosis occurs when the cranial sutures, the fibrous tissue connecting the skull bones, fuse the cranial bones early in development.
Carpenter syndrome. Carpenter syndrome, also called acrocephalopolysyndactyly type II, [1] is an extremely rare autosomal recessive [2] congenital disorder characterized by craniofacial malformations, obesity, syndactyly, and polydactyly. [2] Acrocephalopolysyndactyly is a variation of acrocephalosyndactyly that presents with polydactyly.
Loeys–Dietz syndrome ( LDS) is an autosomal dominant genetic connective tissue disorder. It has features similar to Marfan syndrome and Ehlers–Danlos syndrome. [3] [4] [5] The disorder is marked by aneurysms in the aorta, often in children, and the aorta may also undergo sudden dissection in the weakened layers of the wall of the aorta.
Apert syndrome is a form of acrocephalosyndactyly, a congenital disorder characterized by malformations of the skull, face, hands and feet. It is classified as a branchial arch syndrome, affecting the first branchial (or pharyngeal) arch, the precursor of the maxilla and mandible. Disturbances in the development of the branchial arches in fetal ...
Medical genetics. Crouzon syndrome is an autosomal dominant genetic disorder known as a branchial arch syndrome. Specifically, this syndrome affects the first branchial (or pharyngeal) arch, which is the precursor of the maxilla and mandible. Because the branchial arches are important developmental features in a growing embryo, disturbances in ...
Cardiocranial syndrome, Pfeiffer type. Cardiocranial syndrome, Pfeiffer type is a rare multiple disorder syndrome characterized by congenital heart defects, sagittal craniosynostosis, and severe developmental delay. The condition has been reported in less than 10 patients worldwide. [1] [2] [3] [4]