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  2. Merchant - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Merchant

    Merchants from Holland and the Middle East trading. A merchant is a person who trades in commodities produced by other people, especially one who trades with foreign countries. Merchants have been known for as long as humans have engaged in trade and commerce.

  3. History of retail - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_retail

    Gharipour points to evidence of primitive shops and trade centers in Sialk Hills in Kashan (6000 BCE), Catal Huyuk in modern-day Turkey (7,500–5,700 BCE), Jericho (2600 BCE) and Susa (4000 BCE). Open-air, public markets were known in ancient Babylonia, Assyria, Phoenicia, and Egypt.

  4. History of banking - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_banking

    Modern banking practice, including fractional reserve banking and the issue of banknotes, emerged in the 17th century. At the time, wealthy merchants began to store their gold with the goldsmiths of London, who possessed private vaults and charged a fee for their service.

  5. Tarshish - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tarshish

    Tarshish is also the name of a modern village in the Mount Lebanon District of Lebanon, and Tharsis is a modern village in southern Spain. According to the Jewish Encyclopedia Da'at , the biblical phrase "ships of Tarshish" refers not to ships from a particular location, but to a class of ships: large vessels for long-distance trade.

  6. Sogdia - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sogdia

    Sogdia or Sogdiana was an ancient Iranian civilization between the Amu Darya and the Syr Darya, and in present-day Uzbekistan, Turkmenistan, Tajikistan, Kazakhstan, and Kyrgyzstan. Sogdiana was also a province of the Achaemenid Empire, and listed on the Behistun Inscription of Darius the Great.

  7. Guild - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guild

    Guild. A guild ( / ɡɪld / GILD) is an association of artisans and merchants who oversee the practice of their craft/trade in a particular territory. The earliest types of guild formed as organizations of tradespeople belonging to a professional association. They sometimes depended on grants of letters patent from a monarch or other ruler to ...

  8. Factory (trading post) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Factory_(trading_post)

    Factory was the common name during the medieval and early modern eras for an entrepôt – which was essentially an early form of free-trade zone or transshipment point. At a factory, local inhabitants could interact with foreign merchants, often known as factors . [1]

  9. Hanseatic League - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hanseatic_League

    The Hanseatic League was a medieval commercial and defensive network of merchant guilds and market towns in Central and Northern Europe. Growing from a few North German towns in the late 12th century, the League expanded between the 13th and 15th centuries and ultimately encompassed nearly 200 settlements across eight modern-day countries, ranging from Estonia in the north and east, to the ...

  10. Hermes - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hermes

    Hermes was known as the patron god of flocks, herds, and shepherds, an attribute possibly tied to his early origin as an aspect of Pan. In Boeotia, Hermes was worshiped for having saved the town from a plague by carrying a ram or calf around the city walls.

  11. Merchants Square - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Merchants_Square

    Merchants Square is a 20th-century interpretation of an 18th-century-style retail village in Colonial Williamsburg, Virginia, United States. It is listed on the National Register of Historic Places.