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Sickle cell disease (SCD), also simply called sickle cell, is a group of hemoglobin-related blood disorders typically inherited. [2] The most common type is known as sickle cell anemia. [2] It results in an abnormality in the oxygen-carrying protein haemoglobin found in red blood cells. [2] This leads to a rigid, sickle -like shape under ...
Haemosporidium vigesimotertianaeLewkowicz, 1897. Plasmodium falciparum is a unicellular protozoan parasite of humans, and the deadliest species of Plasmodium that causes malaria in humans. [ 2 ] The parasite is transmitted through the bite of a female Anopheles mosquito and causes the disease's most dangerous form, falciparum malaria.
The Malaria Atlas Project aims to map global levels of malaria, providing a way to determine the global spatial limits of the disease and to assess disease burden. [218] [219] This effort led to the publication of a map of P. falciparum endemicity in 2010 and an update in 2019. [220] [221] [222] As of 2021, 84 countries have endemic malaria. [17]
Genetics is the study of genes, genetic variation, and heredity in organisms. [1][2][3] It is an important branch in biology because heredity is vital to organisms' evolution. Gregor Mendel, a Moravian Augustinian friar working in the 19th century in Brno, was the first to study genetics scientifically.
Stroke (also known as a cerebrovascular accident (CVA) or brain attack) is a medical condition in which poor blood flow to the brain causes cell death. [5] There are two main types of stroke: ischemic, due to lack of blood flow, and. hemorrhagic, due to bleeding.
Jonas Salk (1914–1995), American biologist developed one of the first successful polio vaccines. Robert Sapolsky (born 1957), American neuroscientist who studies sources of stress in wild baboons. Georg Ossian Sars (1837–1927), Norwegian marine biologist [325] who studied the eggs and larvae of fish.
Leprosy, also known as Hansen's disease (HD), is a long-term infection by the bacteria Mycobacterium leprae or Mycobacterium lepromatosis. [4][7] Infection can lead to damage of the nerves, respiratory tract, skin, and eyes. [4] This nerve damage may result in a lack of ability to feel pain, which can lead to the loss of parts of a person's ...
Anemia or anaemia (British English) is a blood disorder in which the blood has a reduced ability to carry oxygen. This can be due to a lower than normal number of red blood cells, a reduction in the amount of hemoglobin available for oxygen transport, or abnormalities in hemoglobin that impair its function. [3][4]