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Sickle cell disease (SCD), also simply called sickle cell, is a group of hemoglobin-related blood disorders typically inherited. The most common type is known as sickle cell anemia. It results in an abnormality in the oxygen-carrying protein haemoglobin found in red blood cells.
Sickle cell trait describes a condition in which a person has one abnormal allele of the hemoglobin beta gene (is heterozygous), but does not display the severe symptoms of sickle cell disease that occur in a person who has two copies of that allele (is homozygous).
Symptoms: acute, severe pain: Diagnostic method: There is no test to confirm a vaso-occlusive crisis, but tests can be done to rule out other causes. Patients with vaso-occlusive crisis present with pain (mild to severe) and a history of sickle cell anemia. Differential diagnosis: Neuropathic pain, hyperalgesia, osteomyelitis
Signs and symptoms. The crisis is a common complication in sickle-cell patients and can be associated with one or more symptoms including fever, cough, excruciating pain, sputum production, shortness of breath, or low oxygen levels. Cause
Eye examination. Treatment. Medical, laser and surgery. Sickle cell retinopathy can be defined as retinal changes due to blood vessel damage in the eye of a person with a background of sickle cell disease. It can likely progress to loss of vision in late stages due to vitreous hemorrhage or retinal detachment. [1]
Signs and Symptoms. Microalbuminuria is an early sign of SCN that has a 30-60% of developing in those with sickle cell disease (SCD). Hematuria can appear in a range of severities from painless and minute to excessive and painful.
Signs and symptoms. Patients with sickle cell-beta thalassemia may present with painful crises similar to patients with sickle cell disease [citation needed] Cause. Sickle cell-beta thalassemia is caused by inheritance of a sickle cell allele from one parent and a beta thalassemia allele from the other. Mutations
Sickle cell-Hb Lepore Boston syndrome is a type of sickle cell disease (HbS) that differs from homozygous sickle cell disease where both parents carry sickle hemoglobin. In this variant one parent has the sickle cell hemoglobin the second parent has Hb Lepore Boston, the only one of the three variants described in association with HbS.
In persons with sickle cell disease, high levels of fetal hemoglobin as found in a newborn or as found abnormally in persons with hereditary persistence of fetal hemoglobin, the HbF causes the sickle cell disease to be less severe. In essence the HbF inhibits polymerization of HbS.
Sickle cell anemia. The most frequent cause of autosplenectomy is sickle cell anemia [10] which causes progressive splenic hypofunction over time. Increased deoxygenation causes sickling of red blood cells, which adhere to the spleen wall and splenic macrophages causing ischemia. [2]
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