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Sickle cell disease (SCD), also simply called sickle cell, is a group of hemoglobin-related blood disorders typically inherited. The most common type is known as sickle cell anemia. It results in an abnormality in the oxygen-carrying protein haemoglobin found in red blood cells.
Sickle-cell disease: Sickle cell anemia is a disease in which the body produces unusual sickle shaped of red blood cells. They contain abnormal haemoglobin which leave them curved.
Sickle cell trait describes a condition in which a person has one abnormal allele of the hemoglobin beta gene (is heterozygous), but does not display the severe symptoms of sickle cell disease that occur in a person who has two copies of that allele (is homozygous).
This results in globin gene disorders (hemoglobinopathies) which can be either abnormal globin chain variants (sickle cell anemia) or reduced chain synthesis in erythroid cells (thalassemia) during the cellular process of hematopoiesis.
A sickle cell health crisis can escalate into life-threatening complications, but patients still struggle to get seen quickly in emergency rooms and also to get pain medicine.
It is possible for a person to have both the gene for hemoglobin S (the form associated with sickle cell anemia) and the gene for hemoglobin C; this state is called hemoglobin SC disease, and is generally more severe than hemoglobin C disease, but milder than sickle cell anemia.
A few indications and symptoms include anemia, sporadic episodes of excruciating pain, hand and foot edema, recurrent infections, delayed puberty or growth, and visual issues. The goal of sickle cell anemia treatment is usually to avoid pain episodes, relieve symptoms, and prevent complications.
The acute chest syndrome is a vaso-occlusive crisis of the pulmonary vasculature commonly seen in people with sickle cell anemia. This condition commonly manifests with a new opacification of the lung(s) on a chest x-ray.
Sickle cell nephropathy is a type of nephropathy associated with sickle cell disease which causes kidney complications as a result of sickling of red blood cells in the small blood vessels.
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