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Eukaryotes are organisms that range from microscopic single cells, such as picozoans under 3 micrometres across, [6] to animals like the blue whale, weighing up to 190 tonnes and measuring up to 33.6 metres (110 ft) long, [7] or plants like the coast redwood, up to 120 metres (390 ft) tall. [8]
The number of species of flowering plants is estimated to be in the range of 250,000 to 400,000. [26] [27] [28] This compares to around 12,000 species of moss [29] and 11,000 species of pteridophytes. [30] The APG system seeks to determine the number of families, mostly by molecular phylogenetics. In the 2009 APG III there were 415 families. [31]
Genetics is the study of genes, genetic variation, and heredity in organisms. [1][2][3] It is an important branch in biology because heredity is vital to organisms' evolution. Gregor Mendel, a Moravian Augustinian friar working in the 19th century in Brno, was the first to study genetics scientifically.
Log–log plot of the total number of annotated proteins in genomes submitted to GenBank as a function of genome size. Genome size is the total number of the DNA base pairs in one copy of a haploid genome. Genome size varies widely across species. Invertebrates have small genomes, this is also correlated to a small number of transposable elements.
FMA. 67423. Anatomical terminology. [ edit on Wikidata] Gap junctions are membrane channels between adjacent cells that allow the direct exchange of cytoplasmic substances. [ 1 ] Substances exchanged include small molecules, substrates, and metabolites. [ 1 ] Gap junctions were first described as close appositions as other tight junctions, but ...
Biochemistry is the study of chemical processes within and relating to living organisms. Molecular biology is the branch of biology that seeks to understand the molecular basis of biological activity in and between cells, including molecular synthesis, modification, mechanisms, and interactions.
Augustin de Candolle (1778–1841) succeeded Antoine-Laurent de Jussieu in managing the botanical project Prodromus Systematis Naturalis Regni Vegetabilis (1824–1841) which involved 35 authors: it contained all the dicotyledons known in his day, some 58000 species in 161 families, and he doubled the number of recognized plant families, the ...
Metazoans do not include the sponges, which have undifferentiated cells. [15] Unlike plant cells, animal cells have neither a cell wall nor chloroplasts. Vacuoles, when present, are more in number and much smaller than those in the plant cell. The body tissues are composed of numerous types of cells, including those found in muscles, nerves and ...