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Free jazz or Free Form in the early- to mid-1970s is a style of avant-garde jazz or an experimental approach to jazz improvisation that developed in the late 1950s and early 1960s when musicians attempted to change or break down jazz conventions, such as regular tempos, tones, and chord changes.
The first phase, known as "free atonality" or "free chromaticism", involved a conscious attempt to avoid traditional diatonic harmony. Works of this period include the opera Wozzeck (1917–1922) by Alban Berg and Pierrot lunaire (1912) by Schoenberg.
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The Quietus called the album "confrontational" and "musically far-reaching" and praised its "bursts of reggae wooziness, gnarled free-jazz atonality, and electronic noise". Supreme Standard called the album "biting and acerbic, funny and furious, and [featuring] some of its creator’s finest, most accessible compositions to date" and made it ...
The twelve-tone technique —also known as dodecaphony, twelve-tone serialism, and (in British usage) twelve-note composition —is a method of musical composition first devised by Austrian composer Josef Matthias Hauer, [not verified in body] who published his "law of the twelve tones" in 1919. In 1923, Arnold Schoenberg (1874–1951 ...
In music, serialism is a method of composition using series of pitches, rhythms, dynamics, timbres or other musical elements. Serialism began primarily with Arnold Schoenberg 's twelve-tone technique, though some of his contemporaries were also working to establish serialism as a form of post-tonal thinking.
Aleatory, atonality, serialism, musique concrète, electronic music, and concept music were all developed during the century. Jazz and ethnic folk music became important influences on many composers during this century.
A− [6] Free Jazz: A Collective Improvisation is an album by the jazz saxophonist and composer Ornette Coleman. It was released through Atlantic Records in September 1961: the fourth of Coleman's six albums for the label. Its title named the then-nascent free jazz movement.
Breaking Point has stood the test of time as a recording far ahead of mid-'60s post-bop, and is an essential item for all listeners of incendiary progressive jazz". Chris Slawecki in his review for Encyclopedia of Music in the 20th Century called the album "a crackling mixture of free atonality, beautiful melody and blues feeling."
Much jazz is tonal, but "functional tonality in jazz has different properties than that of common-practice classical music. These properties are represented by a unique set of rules dictating the unfolding of harmonic function, voice-leading conventions, and the overall behavior of chord tones and chordal extensions".