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Sickle cell disease is a group of inherited blood disorders that affect the shape and function of red blood cells. It can cause pain, anemia, infections, stroke, and organ damage. Learn about the genetics, diagnosis, and management of sickle cell disease.
Learn about the genetic phenomenon of heterozygote advantage, where the heterozygous genotype has higher fitness than either homozygote. Find out how it works, why it occurs, and what examples exist in nature and humans.
Sickle cell trait is a condition where a person has one abnormal allele of the hemoglobin beta gene (genotype AS) and produces both normal and abnormal hemoglobin. It is associated with some resistance to malaria, but also rare complications such as sickle cell crisis, renal medullary carcinoma, and urinary tract infection.
Pleiotropy is when one gene influences two or more seemingly unrelated phenotypic traits. Learn about the different types, mechanisms, and evolutionary implications of pleiotropy, and how it was studied by Mendel, Plate, Beadle, and others.
A 1949 paper by Pauling and colleagues that established sickle cell anemia as a genetic disease of hemoglobin structure and function. The paper introduced the concept of a molecular disease and influenced the development of molecular medicine and evolutionary theory.
Balancing selection is a process that maintains multiple alleles in a population at frequencies higher than expected by genetic drift. It can occur by heterozygote advantage, frequency-dependent selection, or other mechanisms that vary fitness over time and space.
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