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A function is a mathematical object that assigns to each element of a set exactly one element of another set. Learn the history, definition, types, properties, and examples of functions in mathematics.
Learn about the Unicode block that contains styled forms of Latin and Greek letters and decimal digits for mathematics. Find the meaning and usage of the symbols, such as 𝐴 (script capital A) and ℭ (script capital B).
A logarithm is the inverse function of exponentiation, which means that it gives the exponent to which a base must be raised to produce a number. Learn about the history, types, formulas, and uses of logarithms in mathematics, science, and engineering.
A permutation is an arrangement of a set of objects in a sequence or a function that reorders the elements of a set. Learn about the different meanings, properties, applications and history of permutations in mathematics and other fields.
Learn how to use character entity references in XML and HTML documents, and see the list of predefined and custom entities for various scripts and symbols. Find out the differences between numeric and character entity references, and the formal public identifiers for HTML DTD entities subsets.
A Taylor series is an infinite sum of terms that are expressed in terms of the function's derivatives at a single point. Learn how to find the Taylor series of common functions, such as polynomials, exponential, logarithmic, and trigonometric, and how they relate to analytic functions and Zeno's paradox.
A complex number is an expression of the form a + bi, where a and b are real numbers, and i is an imaginary unit. The absolute value (or modulus) of a complex number z is the non-negative square root of the sum of its squares, and the argument of z is the angle from the positive real axis to z.
A real number is a number that can be used to measure a continuous one-dimensional quantity. Learn how real numbers are defined, characterized, and manipulated in mathematics.