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Sickle-cell anemia is an autosomal recessive disorder that affects 1 in 500 African Americans, and is one of the most common blood disorders in the United States. [17] The single replacement of the sixth amino acid in the beta-globin, glutamic acid, with valine results in deformed red blood cells. These sickle-shaped cells cannot carry nearly ...
Hemoglobinopathy is the medical term for a group of inherited blood disorders involving the hemoglobin, the protein of red blood cells. [1] They are single-gene disorders and, in most cases, they are inherited as autosomal co-dominant traits.
The underlying cause of sickle cell anemia is the synthesis of aberrant hemoglobin, which attaches to other aberrant hemoglobin molecules inside the red blood cell to undergo rigid deformation. [18] Sickle cell anemia symptoms usually appear around the age of six months. They can change over time and differ from person to person.
Diamond–Blackfan anemia (DBA) is a congenital erythroid aplasia that usually presents in infancy. [3] DBA causes low red blood cell counts (), without substantially affecting the other blood components (the platelets and the white blood cells), which are usually normal.
Although most patients have a decrease of erythropoiesis (production of red blood cells) during parvovirus infection, it is most dangerous in patients with pre-existing bone marrow stress, for example sickle cell anemia or hereditary spherocytosis, [43] [44] and are therefore heavily dependent on erythropoiesis due to the reduced lifespan of ...
The ESR is decreased in polycythemia, hyperviscosity, sickle cell anemia, leukemia, chronic fatigue syndrome, [4] low plasma protein (due to liver or kidney disease) and congestive heart failure. Although increases in immunoglobulins usually increase the ESR, very high levels can reduce it again due to hyperviscosity of the plasma. [5]
Hyperviscosity occurs from pathologic changes of either cellular or protein fractions of the blood such as is found in polycythemias, multiple myeloma (particularly IgA and IgG3), leukemia, monoclonal gammopathies such as Waldenström macroglobulinemia, sickle cell anemia, and sepsis. [citation needed]
Hypochromic anemia is a generic term for any type of anemia in which the red blood cells are paler than normal. (Hypo- refers to less, and chromic means colour.) A normal red blood cell has a biconcave disk shape and will have an area of pallor in its center when viewed microscopically. In hypochromic cells, this area of central pallor is ...