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Microcytic anaemia; Microcytosis is the presence of red cells that are smaller than normal. Normal adult red cell has a diameter of 7.2 µm. Microcytes are common seen in with hypochromia in iron-deficiency anaemia, thalassaemia trait, congenital sideroblastic anaemia and sometimes in anaemia of chronic diseases.
Spleens are also removed for therapeutic purposes in conditions like hereditary spherocytosis, trauma to the spleen, and autosplenectomy caused by sickle cell anemia. Other causes are radiation therapy involving the spleen, such as that used to treat Hodgkin lymphoma. Howell–Jolly bodies inside of two normoblasts (center) in bone marrow.
Hemolysis will often demonstrate poikilocytes specific to a cause or mechanism, e.g. bite cells and/or blister cells for oxidative hemolysis, acanthocytes for pyruvate kinase deficiency or McLeod phenotype, sickle cells for sickle cell anemia, spherocytes for immune-mediated hemolysis or hereditary spherocytosis, elliptocytosis for iron ...
Autosplenectomy caused by sickle cell anemia or hyposplenism in coeliac disease [3] In patients with obstructive liver disease, lecithin cholesterol acetyltransferase activity is depressed, which increases the cholesterol-to-phospholipid ratio and produces an absolute increase in the surface area of the red cell membrane.
Hypochromic anemia may be caused by vitamin B6 deficiency from a low iron intake, diminished iron absorption, or excessive iron loss. It can also be caused by infections (e.g. hookworms) or other diseases (i.e. anemia of chronic disease), therapeutic drugs, copper toxicity, and lead poisoning.
A side effect of this disease is that it confers protection against malaria, [37] in particular the form of malaria caused by Plasmodium falciparum, the most deadly form of malaria. A similar relationship exists between malaria and sickle-cell disease .