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  2. Sickle cell nephropathy - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sickle_cell_nephropathy

    Sickle cell nephropathy is a type of kidney disease associated with sickle cell disease which causes kidney complications as a result of sickling of red blood cells in the small blood vessels. The hypertonic and relatively hypoxic environment of the renal medulla , coupled with the slow blood flow in the vasa recta , favors sickling of red ...

  3. Hemoglobinopathy - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hemoglobinopathy

    Hemoglobinopathy is the medical term for a group of inherited blood disorders involving the hemoglobin, the protein of red blood cells. [1] They are single-gene disorders and, in most cases, they are inherited as autosomal co-dominant traits.

  4. Folate deficiency - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Folate_deficiency

    Signs of folate deficiency anemia most of the time are subtle. [4] Anemia (macrocytic, megaloblastic anemia) can be a sign of advanced folate deficiency in adults. [1] Folate deficiency anemia may result in feeling tired, weakness, changes to the color of the skin or hair, open sores on the mouth, shortness of breath, palpitations, lightheadedness, cold hands and feet, headaches, easy bleeding ...

  5. Hemoglobin A - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hemoglobin_A

    Some symptoms of sickle cell anemia include fever, fatigue from anemia, swelling of the hands and feet, stroke, and organ failure. [20] Current treatments include blood transfusions which aid with increasing the number of normal red blood cells, bone marrow transplants to help the patients body produce healthy red blood cells, and medications ...

  6. Point mutation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Point_mutation

    Sickle-cell anemia is an autosomal recessive disorder that affects 1 in 500 African Americans, and is one of the most common blood disorders in the United States. [17] The single replacement of the sixth amino acid in the beta-globin, glutamic acid, with valine results in deformed red blood cells. These sickle-shaped cells cannot carry nearly ...

  7. Codocyte - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Codocyte

    Autosplenectomy caused by sickle cell anemia or hyposplenism in coeliac disease [3] In patients with obstructive liver disease, lecithin cholesterol acetyltransferase activity is depressed, which increases the cholesterol-to-phospholipid ratio and produces an absolute increase in the surface area of the red cell membrane.

  8. Hypochromic anemia - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypochromic_anemia

    Hypochromic anemia is a generic term for any type of anemia in which the red blood cells are paler than normal. (Hypo- refers to less, and chromic means colour.) A normal red blood cell has a biconcave disk shape and will have an area of pallor in its center when viewed microscopically. In hypochromic cells, this area of central pallor is ...

  9. Normocytic anemia - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Normocytic_anemia

    Normocytic anemia is a type of anemia and is a common issue that occurs for men and women typically over 85 years old. Its prevalence increases with age, reaching 44 percent in men older than 85 years. [1] The most common type of normocytic anemia is anemia of chronic disease. [1]