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A {\displaystyle A} is the area of the surface on contact. Pressure is a scalar quantity. It relates the vector area element (a vector normal to the surface) with the normal force acting on it. The pressure is the scalar proportionality constant that relates the two normal vectors: The minus sign comes from the convention that the force is ...
In mathematics, sine and cosine are trigonometric functions of an angle.The sine and cosine of an acute angle are defined in the context of a right triangle: for the specified angle, its sine is the ratio of the length of the side that is opposite that angle to the length of the longest side of the triangle (the hypotenuse), and the cosine is the ratio of the length of the adjacent leg to that ...
Peace symbols. The symbol designed for the British nuclear disarmament movement in 1958 is now widely known as the "peace sign". A number of peace symbols have been used many ways in various cultures and contexts. The dove and olive branch was used symbolically by early Christians and then eventually became a secular peace symbol, popularized ...
In astronomy , it stands for the fifth-brightest star in a constellation (see Bayer designation ). Epsilon is the name for the most distant and most visible ring of Uranus. In planetary science, ε denotes the axial tilt. In chemistry, it represents the molar extinction coefficient of a chromophore.
The number of elements of the empty set (i.e., its cardinality) is zero. The empty set is the only set with either of these properties. For any set A : The empty set is a subset of A. The union of A with the empty set is A. The intersection of A with the empty set is the empty set. The Cartesian product of A and the empty set is the empty set.
The arithmetic mean of a set of observed data is equal to the sum of the numerical values of each observation, divided by the total number of observations. Symbolically, for a data set consisting of the values , the arithmetic mean is defined by the formula: [2] (For an explanation of the summation operator, see summation .)
The division sign ( ÷) is a mathematical symbol consisting of a short horizontal line with a dot above and another dot below, used in Anglophone countries to indicate the operation of division. This usage, though widespread in some countries, is not universal and the symbol has a different meaning in other countries.
The median of a finite list of numbers is the "middle" number, when those numbers are listed in order from smallest to greatest. If the data set has an odd number of observations, the middle one is selected. For example, the following list of seven numbers, has the median of 6, which is the fourth value.