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Sickle cell disease is a group of blood disorders inherited from both parents, causing abnormal red blood cells that can lead to pain, anemia, infections, and organ damage. Learn about the symptoms, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of sickle cell disease and its subtypes.
Sickle cell trait is a condition where a person has one abnormal allele of the hemoglobin beta gene (genotype AS) and produces both normal and abnormal hemoglobin. It is associated with some resistance to malaria, but also rare complications such as sickle cell crisis, renal medullary carcinoma, and urinary tract infection.
A 1949 paper by Pauling and colleagues that established sickle cell anemia as a genetic disease of hemoglobin structure and function. The paper introduced the concept of a molecular disease and influenced the development of molecular medicine and evolutionary theory.
Fetal hemoglobin (HbF) is the main oxygen carrier protein in the human fetus, produced at around 6 weeks of pregnancy and gradually replaced by adult hemoglobin (HbA) after birth. Learn about its structure, genetics, function, diseases and treatment from this comprehensive article.
Microcytic anemia is a type of anemia with smaller than normal red blood cells. It can be caused by iron deficiency, thalassemia, anemia of chronic disease, and other factors. Learn about the causes, symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment of microcytic anemia.
Normocytic anemia is a type of anemia with normal-sized red blood cells and low hemoglobin. It can be caused by blood loss, reduced production, increased destruction, or other factors. Learn how to diagnose it with a reticulocyte count and treat it according to the cause.
Sickle cells in human blood: both normal red blood cells and sickle-shaped cells are present. Any condition that results in the production of abnormal hemoglobin is included under the broad category of hemoglobinopathies. Worldwide, it is estimated that 7% of the population may carry a hemoglobinopathy with clinical significance. [22]
Hemoglobin A is the most common adult form of hemoglobin, an oxygen-binding protein in red blood cells. Learn about its synthesis, structure, function and clinical significance, including hemoglobinopathies such as alpha-thalassemia and sickle cell anemia.