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Because it can confer resistance to malaria, some subtypes of hereditary elliptocytosis are significantly more prevalent in regions where malaria is endemic. For example, in equatorial Africa its incidence is estimated at 60-160 per 10,000, [6] and in Malayan natives its incidence is 1500-2000 per 10,000. [7]
Acquired asplenia occurs for several reasons: . Following splenectomy due to splenic rupture from trauma or because of tumor; After splenectomy with the goal of interfering with splenic function, as a treatment for diseases (e.g. idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura, thalassemia, spherocytosis), in which the spleen's usual activity exacerbates the disease
Peripheral blood smear in patient with thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura. Typical schistocytes are annotated. A schistocyte or schizocyte (from Greek schistos for "divided" and kytos for "hollow" or "cell") is a fragmented part of a red blood cell.
Until the early 1950s, hemoglobin A and some of its variants had been identified, such as hemoglobin S and hemoglobin C.Hemoglobin D was discovered in 1951 with one source stating it was the third variant discovered, [2] and another source claiming it was the fourth. [1]
The ends of the cells are blunt and not sharp like sickle cells. [1] Elliptocytes are commonly associated with hereditary elliptocytosis. However, they may also be seen in iron deficiency anemia, sepsis, malaria and other pathological states that decrease red blood cell turnover and or production. [2]
Sickle cell anemia and living in areas of malaria result in even higher folate needs for women who are pregnant. [25] When supplemented with 450 micrograms of folic acid per day, the risk of developing birth defects, specifically neural tube defects, is decreased. [25]