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It is used when the patient's hemoglobin is much lower than normal, for example an aplastic crisis. Exchange transfusion. Exchange transfusion involves removal of the patient’s blood and replacement with donor red blood cells. It is used to treat life-threatening complications of sickle cell disease such as stroke or acute chest crisis.
The person may need to be monitored for several days in the hospital after the transfusion, but the length of stay generally depends on the condition for which the exchange transfusion was performed. Sickle Cell Disease patients may be exchanged in an outpatient setting and can be sent home the very same day. [13]
It is possible for a person to have both the gene for hemoglobin S (the form associated with sickle cell anemia) and the gene for hemoglobin C; this state is called hemoglobin SC disease, and is generally more severe than hemoglobin C disease, but milder than sickle cell anemia. [2]
The association with kidney and lung infarcts was noted in 1931 by Yater and Mollari and Baird in 1934 respectively. The term sickle-cell trait was coined by Samuel Diggs in Memphis in 1933 to distinguish heterozygotes from those with sickle-cell anaemia. Diggs also reported the association with splenic fibrosis in 1935.
Sickle cell disease, in which a mutation in the globin gene causes the formation of sickle hemoglobin. [2] This disease is marked by the manifestation of chronic compensated hemolytic anemia , with laboratory findings not limited to unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia but also elevated serum lactate dehydrogenase and low serum haptoglobin .
When Hemoglobin O-Arab co-inherits with Hemoglobin S, it produces a syndrome with similarities in severity to sickle cell anaemia, [1] having severe haemolytic anaemia and red cells denser than normal with occurrences of some cells as dense as if contract with sickle cell anaemia. A description with the presence of two variations of β-globin ...
Microcytic anaemia; Microcytosis is the presence of red cells that are smaller than normal. Normal adult red cell has a diameter of 7.2 µm. Microcytes are common seen in with hypochromia in iron-deficiency anaemia, thalassaemia trait, congenital sideroblastic anaemia and sometimes in anaemia of chronic diseases.
Due to underlying diseases that destroy the spleen (autosplenectomy), e.g. sickle-cell disease. Celiac disease: unknown physiopathology. [6] In a 1970 study, [7] it was the second most common cause of abnormalities of red blood cells linked to hyposplenism, after surgical splenectomy.