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Africa is the world's second-largest and second-most populous continent after Asia. At about 30.3 million km 2 (11.7 million square miles) including adjacent islands, it covers 20% of Earth 's land area and 6% of its total surface area. [ 9 ] With nearly 1.4 billion people as of 2021, it accounts for about 18% of the world's human population.
Map of the western Sahel and Sudan (northern West Africa) c. 1200, including some successor states of Ghana. (Songhai is Gao) Kingdoms in this era were centred around cities and cores, with variations of influence radiating out from these points, meaning there weren't fixed borders. By the 10th century, the wet period that birthed Ghana was ...
West Africa, or Western Africa, is the westernmost region of Africa.The United Nations defines Western Africa as the 16 countries of Benin, Burkina Faso, Cape Verde, The Gambia, Ghana, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Ivory Coast, Liberia, Mali, Mauritania, Niger, Nigeria, Senegal, Sierra Leone, and Togo, as well as Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha (United Kingdom Overseas Territory).
Somalia, [a] officially the Federal Republic of Somalia, [b] is the easternmost country in continental Africa.The country is located in the Horn of Africa and is bordered by Ethiopia to the west, Djibouti [14] to the northwest, Kenya to the southwest, the Gulf of Aden to the north, and the Indian Ocean to the east.
Lesotho (/ lɪˈsuːtuː / ⓘ lih-SOO-too, [ 6 ][ 7 ]Sotho pronunciation: [lɪˈsʊːtʰʊ]), formally the Kingdom of Lesotho, is a landlocked country in Southern Africa. As an enclave of South Africa, with which it shares a 1,106 km (687 mi) border, [ 8 ] it is the largest sovereign enclave in the world, and the only one outside of the ...
The Sahara (/ s ə ˈ h ɑːr ə /, / s ə ˈ h ær ə /) is a desert spanning across North Africa.With an area of 9,200,000 square kilometres (3,600,000 sq mi), it is the largest hot desert in the world and the third-largest desert overall, smaller only than the deserts of Antarctica and the northern Arctic.
There are only three current sovereign monarchies in Africa; [7][8] two of which (Lesotho and Morocco) are constitutional monarchies where the rulers are bound by laws and customs in the exercise of their powers, whilst one (Eswatini) is an absolute monarchy where the monarch rules without bounds. Sovereign monarchies are labelled (SM).
Order of independence of African nations, 1950–2011. The decolonisation of Africa was a series of political developments in Africa that spanned from the mid-1950s to 1975, during the Cold War. Colonial governments gave way to sovereign states in a process often marred by violence, political turmoil, widespread unrest, and organised revolts.